百晓学者学者目录

李燕芳

北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心

个人简介

李燕芳，北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心教授、博士生导师，教育部青年长江学者。2007年获北京师范大学儿童心理发展与教育专业博士学位，2007–2014年在北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院从事脑与儿童心理行为发展研究，2015年加入协同中心。研究方向包括心理学、教育理论与教育管理、成人教育与特殊教育，聚焦儿童社会认知与行为发展的认知与脑机制、早期教养环境与儿童心理发展等。

精选作品

期刊论文

  1. 袁雯，张旭然，郭惠，李燕芳（2026）. 儿童欺凌网络的结构特征与变化特点：基于社会网络分析视角. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 42, No. 2.下载原文
  2. 朱娜平，张霞，周杰，李燕芳（2026）. 群体合作规范违反情境中儿童第三方干预偏好的发展及内在动机. 《心理学报》, Vol. 58, No. 3.下载原文
  3. 李燕芳，魏文凯（2026）. 被玩成“梗”的前额叶，如何影响儿童早期发展. 《教育家》.
  4. 李燕芳（2026）. 完整经验建构视角下大班幼儿运动会的实践路径. 《山西教育》.
  5. Dan Cui, Yanfang Li (2026). Norm conflict and ingroup bias in children's polite and altruistic lies. British Journal of Developmental Psychology.DOI
  6. Jiayi Luo, Yanfang Li, Jie Zhou, Bingjie Li (2026). Parent-Adolescent (In)Congruence in Closeness and Conflict: Differential Links to Adolescent Emotion Regulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.DOI
  7. Miaomiao Zhang, Yanfang Li (2026). The coordination between opportunity equality and procedural consistency in the social inequality contexts: evidence from middle childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.DOI
  8. Xiaoli He, Wanwan Dai, Wen Yuan, Shuchang Chen, Yanfang Li (2026). The Longitudinal Link Between Empathy and Sharing Behavior Among Children: The Moderating Role of Classroom Norms. Social Development.DOI
  9. Yu Tian, Hongjun Ding, Yanfang Li (2025). Correlations among negative life events, sense of security, and internet addiction with Chinese university freshmen: A random intercept cross-lagged analysis model. Applied Psychology-Health And Well Being, Vol. 17, No. 5.DOI
  10. Xue Xiao, Yanfang Li (2025). Equality or generosity: The role of between-group competition in children's resource allocation with in-group collaborators. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Vol. 280, No. 60.DOI
  11. Xia Zhang, Yanfang Li (2025). The Ontogeny of Children's Group-Based Guilt and Motivated Reparative Prosocial Behaviors. Emotion.DOI
  12. Wen Yuan, Juan Cao, Zheng Liu, Xuran Zhang, Lisha Liu, Hui Guo, Yanfang Li (2025). The dynamic interplay between social status and children's bullying network: A longitudinal social network analysis. Children And Youth Services Review, Vol. 174.DOI
  13. Yanfang Li, Xiaoli He, Weiyan Wu (2025). The influence of parental mediation frequency and type on the online learning outcomes of children with different cognitive characteristics. Current Psychology, Vol. 440, No. 7.DOI
  14. Yu Tian, Hongjun Ding, Shizheng Cao, Yanfang Li (2025). Longitudinal Effect of Depression on Generalised Pathological Internet Use and the Mechanisms of This Effect: A Four-Wave Follow-Up of Chinese University Students. Stress And Health, Vol. 41, No. 10.DOI
  15. Yu Tian, Hongjun Ding, Yanfang Li (2025). Characteristic Structure of the Relationships Among Depression, Maladaptive Cognition, and Internet Addiction and Its Temporal Evolution in University Students: A Network Analysis. Stress And Health, Vol. 410, No. 10.DOI
  16. 张霞，李燕芳（2025）. 群际违反情境下儿童责任感知及修复行为的发生发展特点. 《第二十六届全国心理学学术会议摘要集（五）》.DOI
  17. 张旭然，李燕芳（2025）. 信息提供者社会地位对儿童选择性信任的影响. 《第二十六届全国心理学学术会议摘要集（一）》.DOI
  18. 李燕芳，计泽睿，陈书畅（2025）. 儿童青少年情绪和行为问题共患状况及防治对策. 《中小学心理健康教育》.
  19. 施民阳，张霞，李燕芳（2025）. 儿童对群体间道德违规行为的第三方惩罚及发展：群体身份的调节. 《第二十六届全国心理学学术会议摘要集（五）》.DOI
  20. Jiayi Luo, Ying Wang, Luhong Feng, Tian Tian, Yanfang Li (2025). Closeness, Conflict, and Depression: Developmental Impacts of Parental-adolescent Perceptual (In)Congruence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.DOI
  21. Demao Zhao, Xue Xiao, Dan Cui, Yanfang Li (2025). The influence of cooperation and competition on children’s resource allocation: Differences between interindividual and intergroup interactions. Cognitive Development.DOI
  22. Dan Cui, Xia Zhang, Demao Zhao, Yanfang Li (2025). Pinocchio’s kindness: Children’s moral evaluations of prosocial lies in different situations. Applied Developmental Science.DOI
  23. Qian Wang, Yifei Chen, Yanfang Li (2025). Do children and adults take leadership hierarchy into account when evaluating and punishing uncooperative individuals? British Journal of Developmental Psychology.DOI
  24. Dan Cui, Xia Zhang, Yanfang Li (2025). Children’s prosocial lying: Polite versus altruistic lies in different social contexts. International Journal of Behavioral Development.DOI
  25. Xuran Zhang, Xia Zhang, Ranzhi Yang, Yanfang Li (2024). The influence of dominance and prestige on children's resource allocation: What if they coexist? Journal Of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 113.DOI
  26. Hui Guo, Xiao Chen, C. Victor Fung, Fumei Chen, Wen Yuan, Yanfang Li (2024). Effects of primary school principal support and teaching characteristics on students' music academic achievement using a hierarchical linear model. Current Psychology, Vol. 430, No. 150.DOI
  27. Wen Yuan, Xuran Zhang, Lingfei Wang, Yanfang Li (2024). The coevolution of bullying and friendship networks. Aggressive Behavior, Vol. 50, No. 1.DOI
  28. 肖雪，李燕芳（2024）. 群体竞争对儿童公平分配行为的影响：群体偏见动机的作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 40, No. 6.下载原文
  29. 李燕芳，田甜（2024）. 语言暴力，伤心也伤脑. 《教育家》.
  30. 李燕芳（2024）. 大班幼儿户外情境体育游戏中教师的支持策略——以攀爬区“超级玛丽”为例. 《山西教育》.
  31. Qian Wang, Yifei Chen, Yanfang Li (2024). Children and Adults Hold Leaders as Both Responsible and Entitled. Social Development.DOI
  32. Hui Guo, Yuetian Ma, Shuchang Chen, Yanfang Li, Yu Tian (2024). Longitudinal associations among relative deprivation, maladaptive cognition, and internet addiction: A four-wave study. Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal.DOI
  33. Yu Tian, Wu Li, Jianglong Guo, Wei Yue, Peipei Chen, Yanfang Li (2023). Longitudinal associations among cumulative ecological risk, maladaptive cognitions and smartphone addiction in Chinese university freshmen: A two-wave study. Computers In Human Behavior, Vol. 149.DOI
  34. Bingying Wei, Xuran Zhang, Dan Cui, Yanfang Li (2023). Linking objective and subjective social status to altruistic sharing in China: the role of empathy. Current Psychology, Vol. 420, No. 310.DOI
  35. Dan Cui, Lisha Liu, Bingying Wei, Yanfang Li (2023). Associations between Empathy and social anxiety in Childhood: the moderating role of mother-child conflict and peer rejection. Current Psychology, Vol. 420, No. 29.DOI
  36. Xiaoli He, Yanfang Li (2023). Effect of learning methods and cognitive characteristics on preschoolers' online English attainment. Education And Information Technologies, Vol. 280, No. 90.DOI
  37. Lisha Liu, Qian Wang, Yanfang Li (2023). Developing children's humanity: the unique and interactive role of parents' and peers' humanity. Educational Psychology, Vol. 430, No. 8.DOI
  38. Xuran Zhang, John Corbit, Xue Xiao, Yanfang Li (2023). The influence of social status on children's merit-based resource allocation: The potential explanation of expectation. Child Development, Vol. 940, No. 5.DOI
  39. 王千，陈逸菲，李燕芳（2023）. 5-8岁儿童对领导者权利和责任的认知. 《第二十五届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——博/硕研究生论坛》.DOI
  40. Mengdi Qi, Yuhan Luo, Fumei Chen, Xin Xuan, Yanfang Li, Yun Wang (2023). Longitudinal trajectories of approaches to learning among Chinese preschoolers: Family predictors and academic outcomes. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Vol. 64.DOI
  41. Xue Xiao, Qian Wang, Yanfang Li (2023). The role of between‐group competition in children's within‐group merit‐based resource allocation. Social Development.DOI
  42. Xue Xiao, Miaomiao Zhang, Yanfang Li (2023). The effect of competition on children's merit‐based resource allocation: The difference between interpersonal and intergroup competition. British Journal of Developmental Psychology.DOI
  43. Xue Xiao, Demao Zhao, Yanfang Li (2023). How does intergroup familiarity moderate children’s merit-based resource allocation in the context of group-based competition? Cognitive Development.DOI
  44. Bingying Wei, Xuran Zhang, Xue Xiao, Yanfang Li (2023). The effect of different types of social norms on children's sharing behavior: The roles of parents, teachers, and peers. Social Development.DOI
  45. Lan Yu, Yanfang Li (2022). A study of practical drawing skills and knowledge transferable skills of children based on STEAM education. Frontiers In Psychology, Vol. 13.DOI
  46. Lisha Liu, Yuting Wu, Yanfang Li (2022). Linking family relationships with peer relationships based on spillover theory: A positive perspective. Journal Of Social And Personal Relationships, Vol. 390, No. 7.DOI
  47. Yuting Wu, Baobao Zhao, Bingying Wei, Yanfang Li (2022). Cultural or economic factors? Which matters more for collaborative problem-solving skills: Evidence from 31 countries. Personality And Individual Differences, Vol. 190.DOI
  48. 李燕芳（2022）. 心理学家的幼教课 Ⅲ 重塑早期成长环境 助力0-6岁儿童心理发展. 《中国纺织出版社有限公司》.
  49. Dan Cui, Lisha Liu, Yanfang Li (2022). Association Between Children’s Empathy and Depression: The Moderating Role of Social Preference. Child Psychiatry & Human Development.DOI
  50. Lisha Liu, Chaoqun Li, Liangyuan Xu, Xue Xiao, Yanfang Li (2021). Developing Children's Justice: Evidence from Intergenerational Similarity and Peer Homophily. Child Indicators Research, Vol. 140, No. 50.DOI
  51. Xuran Zhang, John Corbit, Xue Xiao, Liangyuan Xu, Bingying Wei, Yanfang Li (2021). Material and relational asymmetry: The role of receivers' wealth and power status in children's resource allocation. Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, Vol. 208.DOI
  52. 刘丽莎，吴玉婷，李超群，徐良苑，李燕芳（2021）. 友伴人际品格对儿童人际品格的影响:友伴数量的调节作用及儿童群体差异. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 37, No. 5.下载原文
  53. 肖雪，刘璐，刘丽莎，徐良苑，张旭然，李燕芳（2021）. 内群体偏爱与儿童基于贡献的分配公平性:心理理论的调节作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 37, No. 4.下载原文
  54. 李超群，徐良苑，李燕芳（2021）. 教师性别刻板印象对中小学生性别刻板印象的影响：教师性别教育行为的中介作用. 《中国特殊教育》.
  55. Hui Guo, Wen Yuan, C. Victor Fung, Fumei Chen, Yanfang Li (2021). The relationship between extracurricular music activity participation and music and Chinese language academic achievements of primary school students in China. Psychology of Music.DOI
  56. Lisha Liu, Xiaoli He, Chaoqun Li, Liangyuan Xu, Yanfang Li (2020). Linking parent-child relationship to peer relationship based on the parent-peer relationship spillover theory: Evidence from China. Children And Youth Services Review, Vol. 116.DOI
  57. 罗娟，杨彩霞，朱晓宇，李燕芳（2020）. 社会支持对家庭育儿压力的缓解作用——基于儿童早期发展社区家庭支持服务项目的分析. 《学前教育研究》, No. 7.下载原文
  58. 尹小珂，李燕芳，陈福美（2020）. 新西兰音乐学业成就测评及其启示. 《中国考试》, No. 9.下载原文
  59. Xue Xiao, Lu Liu, Yuting Wu, Lisha Liu, Liangyuan Xu, Yanfang Li (2020). Group bias in children’s rectification of inequality using resources of different values. Social Development.DOI
  60. Lisha Liu, Liangyuan Xu, Xue Xiao, Lu Liu, Yanfang Li (2020). Positive influence of peers' interpersonal character on children's interpersonal character: The moderating role of children's and peers' social status. Journal of Adolescence.DOI
  61. Xue Xiao, Lu Liu, Liangyuan Xu, Lisha Liu, Chuansheng Chen, Yanfang Li (2019). Group bias in children's merit-based resource allocation. Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, Vol. 188.DOI
  62. 刘璐，肖雪，刘丽莎，徐良苑，张旭然，李燕芳（2019）. 儿童在不同卷入情境下基于资源价值的分配行为特点:内群体偏爱的作用. 《心理学报》, Vol. 51, No. 5.下载原文
  63. 马心宇，陈福美，玄新，王耘，李燕芳（2019）. 父亲、母亲抚养压力在母亲抑郁和学龄前儿童内外部问题行为间的链式中介作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 35, No. 1.下载原文
  64. 万鸽，李燕芳，陈福美（2019）. 我国小学阶段民族音乐教育状况调查与研究. 《课程·教材·教法》, No. 2.下载原文
  65. Liangyuan Xu, Lisha Liu, Yanfang Li, Lijun Liu, Carol S. Huntsinger (2018). Parent-child relationships and Chinese children's social adaptations: Gender difference in parent-child dyads. Personal Relationships, Vol. 250, No. 40.DOI
  66. Yuejuan Pan, Qingqing Yang, Yanfang Li, Lisha Liu, Shanshan Liu (2018). Effects of family socioeconomic status on home math activities in urban China: The role of parental beliefs. Children And Youth Services Review, Vol. 93.DOI
  67. 邹雨晨，丁颖，张旭然，李燕芳（2018）. 不同类型反馈对儿童学习效果的影响及性别差异. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 34, No. 5.下载原文
  68. Lisha Liu, Liangyuan Xu, Xiaoli He, Yanfang Li (2018). The association of caregivers’ and children’s characteristics with children’s social preference and being a class leader in China. Social Development.DOI
  69. Lisha Liu, Liangyuan Xu, Fang Luo, Yanfang Li (2018). Intergenerational transmission of interpersonal strengths: The role of parent gender, family processes, and child characteristics. Journal of Adolescence.DOI
  70. 肖雪，刘丽莎，徐良苑，李燕芳（2017）. 父母冲突、亲子关系与青少年抑郁的关系：独生与非独生的调节作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 33, No. 4.下载原文
  71. Ying Ding, Encong Wang, Yuchen Zou, Yan Song, Xue Xiao, Wanyi Huang, Yanfang Li (2017). Gender differences in reward and punishment for monetary and social feedback in children: An ERP study. PLoS ONE.DOI
  72. Yanfang Li, Liangyuan Xu, Lijun Liu, Ying Lv, Yun Wang, Carol S. Huntsinger (2016). Can preschool socioeconomic composition moderate relationships between family environment and Chinese children's early academic and social outcomes? Children And Youth Services Review, Vol. 60.DOI
  73. Yanfang Li, Liangyuan Xu, Ying Lv, Lijun Liu, Yun Wang, Carol S. Huntsinger (2015). The influence of preschool rural migrant composition on rural migrant children's early development in China. International Journal Of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 49.DOI
  74. Yanfang Li, Lijun Liu, Ying Lv, Liangyuan Xu, Yun Wang, Carol S. Huntsinger (2015). Mother-child and teacher-child relationships and their influences on Chinese only and non-only children's early social behaviors: The moderator role of urban-rural status. Children And Youth Services Review, Vol. 51.DOI
  75. 李燕芳，刘丽君，刘丽莎（2015）. 父、母学历与教养行为对学前儿童发展的影响. 《中国特殊教育》.
  76. 徐良苑，李燕芳，刘丽君，王耘（2015）. 早期母子、父子关系状况及其对儿童社会适应的影响——基于性别差异的视角. 《中国心理学会发展心理专业委员会第十三届学术年会摘要集》.
  77. 李燕芳，刘丽君，吕莹，骆方，王耘（2015）. 人际关系状况与学龄前流动儿童的问题行为. 《心理学报》, Vol. 47, No. 7.下载原文
  78. 邹雨晨，李燕芳，丁颖（2015）. 早期高级认知发展与前额叶功能发育的fNIRS研究. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 31, No. 6.下载原文
  79. 丁颖，李燕芳，邹雨晨（2015）. 发展性障碍儿童的脑发育特点及干预. 《心理科学进展》, Vol. 23, No. 8.下载原文
  80. 李燕芳，徐良苑，吕莹，刘丽君，王耘（2014）. 母子关系、师幼关系与学前流动儿童的社会适应行为. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 30, No. 6.下载原文
  81. 项紫霓，张兴慧，黎亚军，王耘，李燕芳（2014）. 3～5岁儿童母亲抚养压力类型特点及其影响因素. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 30, No. 4.下载原文
  82. 李燕芳，刘丽莎，刘丽君，徐良苑（2014）. 母亲风险因素对儿童早期发展的影响:教养行为的中介作用. 《中国特殊教育》.
  83. 吕莹，李燕芳（2013）. 幼儿园流动儿童比例对学龄前流动儿童心理发展的影响. 《心理学与创新能力提升——第十六届全国心理学学术会议论文集》.
  84. 刘丽莎，李燕芳，吕莹，李艳玮（2013）. 父亲参与教养状况对学前儿童社会技能的作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 29, No. 1.下载原文
  85. 李艳玮，李燕芳，刘丽莎，吕莹（2013）. 家庭学习环境对儿童早期学业和社会技能的作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 29, No. 3.下载原文
  86. 李燕芳，吕莹（2013）. 家庭教育投入对儿童早期学业能力的影响:学习品质的中介作用. 《中国特殊教育》.
  87. 刘丽莎，李燕芳（2013）. 母亲抑郁和惩罚对儿童早期问题行为的影响及父亲的保护作用. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 29, No. 5.下载原文
  88. 李艳玮，李燕芳，刘丽莎（2012）. 家庭收入对儿童早期语言能力的影响作用及机制:家庭学习环境的中介作用. 《中国特殊教育》.
  89. 李燕芳，罗良（2012）. 品味经典 理解心理学——评“心理学经典实验书系”. 《中国教师》.
  90. 王莹，李燕芳（2012）. 早期经验对儿童心理发展的影响. 《心理科学》, Vol. 35, No. 2.下载原文
  91. 李燕芳，董奇（2011）. 不同语音知觉训练方式对汉语儿童和成人英语语音产出的作用. 《应用心理学》, Vol. 17, No. 4.下载原文
  92. 李燕芳，郑渝萍，董奇（2010）. 小学生英语学习动机发展及教师教育行为对其的影响. 《中国特殊教育》.
  93. 李燕芳，王莹，郑渝萍，董奇（2010）. 小学儿童英语课堂学习焦虑发展及其与教师教育行为的关系. 《心理发展与教育》, No. 1.下载原文
  94. 李艳玮，李燕芳（2010）. 儿童青少年认知能力发展与脑发育. 《心理科学进展》, No. 11.下载原文
  95. 李燕芳，楼春芳，董奇（2010）. 汉语儿童英语口语发展及口语任务的影响作用. 《心理科学》, No. 1.下载原文
  96. 李燕芳，王莹（2009）. 影响儿童青少年创造力发展的学校环境因素研究述评. 《中国特殊教育》.
  97. 李燕芳，管益杰，楼春芳，董奇（2009）. 小学汉语儿童英语口语产出形式的发展. 《心理发展与教育》, No. 3.下载原文
  98. 李燕芳，董奇（2009）. 汉语母语儿童和成人视听双通道英语语音知觉的训练研究. 《心理发展与教育》, No. 1.下载原文
  99. 王莹，李燕芳，郑渝萍（2009）. 小学儿童英语课堂学习焦虑发展及其与教师教育行为关系的研究. 《第十二届全国心理学学术大会》.
  100. 李燕芳，梅磊磊，董奇（2009）. 视觉言语在汉语母语儿童和成人英语语音知觉中的作用. 《心理科学》, No. 5.下载原文
  101. 李燕芳，王文静 李燕芳 罗良 裴淼 董奇（2009）. 教育实验的系统设计与实施创新——以攀登英语学习实验为例. 《中国电化教育》, No. 1.下载原文
  102. 李燕芳，解会欣，董奇（2008）. 汉语儿童在阅读语境中学习英语词汇的效果及影响因素. 《应用心理学》, Vol. 14, No. 3.下载原文
  103. 李燕芳，梅磊磊，董奇（2008）. 汉语母语者视听双通道言语知觉的特点及发展研究. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 24, No. 3.下载原文
  104. 梅磊磊，李燕芳，黄仕志，薛贵，陈传升，董奇（2008）. 非母语语音短期学习的年龄效应. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 24, No. 3.下载原文
  105. 梅磊磊，李燕芳，龙柚杉，陈传升，董奇（2008）. 材料呈现方式对不同音乐训练经验的汉语儿 童英语言语记忆的影响. 《心理学报》, Vol. 40, No. 8.下载原文
  106. 李燕芳，王文静 罗良 李燕芳 张翠平 董奇（2008）. 促进学生发展的评价研究——以攀登英语学习实验为例. 《中国电化教育》, No. 11.下载原文
  107. 李燕芳，王文静 李燕芳 解会欣 魏章纪 董奇（2008）. 基于信息技术的儿童英语学习活动设计研究——以攀登英语学习实验为例. 《中国电化教育》, No. 10.下载原文
  108. 李燕芳，李燕芳 王文静 魏章纪 董奇（2008）. 儿童多媒体英语学习资源设计研究—以攀登英语学习实验为例. 《中国电化教育》, No. 9.下载原文
  109. 李蓓蕾，周英，李燕芳，董奇（2007）. 三到六年级汉语儿童英语拼写发展及其与正字法规则意识的关系. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 23, No. 1.下载原文
  110. 李燕芳，董奇（2007）. 汉语母语者的McGurk效应及发展研究. 《第十一届全国心理学学术会议》.
  111. 李燕芳，管益杰，李蓓蕾，周龙飞，董奇（2006）. 教学控制策略对小学儿童多媒体情境下英语学习效果的影响. 《应用心理学》, Vol. 12, No. 3.下载原文
  112. 李燕芳（2006）. 论非智力因素在小学英语教学中的作用. 《基础教育理论研究成果荟萃（中）》.
  113. 管益杰，李燕芳，董奇（2006）. 学前儿童英语语音意识、字母知识及口语词汇之间关系的研究. 《心理发展与教育》, Vol. 22, No. 2.下载原文
  114. 管益杰，李燕芳，宋艳（2006）. 汉字字形加工的关键特征模型. 《山东师范大学学报(社会科学版)》, Vol. 51, No. 2.下载原文
  115. 楼春芳，管益杰，李燕芳，周英，董奇（2006）. 第二语言口语评价研究进展. 《外语界》, No. 3.下载原文
  116. 李燕芳，管益杰，陶沙，董奇（2005）. 儿童早期英语读写能力的发展特点研究. 《心理科学》, Vol. 28, No. 6.下载原文
  117. 李燕芳，董奇（2004）. 儿童早期读写能力发展的环境影响因素研究. 《心理科学》, Vol. 27, No. 3.下载原文

研究方向

心理学教育理论与教育管理成人教育与特殊教育

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